![]() ![]() Intercellular airspaces were rarely observed in the AZ cell layers (Figure ). In contrast, mesocarp and pedicel cells had intercellular spaces that stain less intensively and appeared often to become regions of detachment that led to airspace formation ( ). During development, AZ cells had dark staining intercellular spaces often located to the tips of cells suggesting concentrated areas of secretion related to cell wall biosynthesis activity (Figures, ). Orange arrows, orientation of recently divided cells white arrows, tightly packed tip regions of AZ cells red arrows, intercellular space openings yellow arrows, intracellular material DAP, days after pollination N, nucleus Scale bars are 10 μm. (A–C), mesocarp (M) cells, (D–F), AZ cells, (G–I), pedicel (P) cells. Longitudinal sections of the oil palm fruit bases were stained with toluidine blue. AZ cells have distinct characteristics during development compared to adjacent mesocarp and pedicel cells. ![]() At 120 DAP cell divisions were no longer evident, and cells appear elongated in all tissues, and AZ cells appeared narrower than mesocarp and pedicel cells (Figures ). In the AZ, the plane of recent cell division was periclinal (parallel to the outer fruit surface), while in the mesocarp and pedicel cell divisions were anticlinal (plane perpendicular to the outer fruit surface). At 30 DAP, recently divided cells in the mesocarp, AZ and pedicel tissues were observed (Figures ). Longitudinal sections of 30 DAP fruit stained with DAPI revealed that the nuclei of the AZ layer cells were aligned, particularly in the developing vascular bundles at this stage, then became more visibly aligned throughout the primary AZ during development at 120 and 180 DAP (Figures ). The primary abscission zone (AZ) is depicted with dotted lines positioned between the mesocarp (M), and pedicel (P) red arrows, phenolic containing cells dots connected by white lines, undifferentiated constricted vascular tissue white lines with double arrows, nuclear alignment within AZ cell layers Scale bars for photos are 100 μm Scale bar for schematic fruit diagrams is 10 mm. Schematic fruit diagrams to the left of photos correspond to the stages of development at which time the fruit tissues were collected (). Longitudinal sections of oil palm fruit bases at 30 days after pollination (DAP, A,B), 120 DAP (C,D), and 180 DAP (E,F) were stained with toluidine blue (A–C) or DAPI (B,D,F). Development of the AZ in the base of the oil palm fruit. ![]()
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